Melanoma and Non-Melanoma

Surgery is the primary treatment for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The procedure involves removing the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy skin to ensure all cancer cells are eradicated. Types of surgery include excisional surgery, Mohs surgery for precise removal, and curettage and electrodesiccation for superficial cancers. Surgery aims to completely remove the tumor and prevent recurrence, often with minimal scarring.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is typically used when surgery isn't an option or to treat areas where cancer has spread. Radiation is often employed for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas that are difficult to surgically remove. Treatments are usually spread over several weeks, and side effects can include skin irritation and fatigue, but these are generally manageable.

Chemotherapy for skin cancer involves using drugs to kill cancer cells. It is less common for non-melanoma skin cancers but can be used for advanced melanomas that have spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously, depending on the cancer's extent. Side effects include nausea, hair loss, and fatigue, but supportive care can help manage these symptoms effectively.

Preventing skin cancer focuses on minimizing UV exposure. This includes using sunscreen with high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin checks for new or changing moles and prompt medical attention for suspicious changes are crucial. Maintaining a healthy immune system through a balanced diet and avoiding excessive sun exposure, especially during peak hours, can also help reduce risk.