Colon cancer

Surgery is a primary treatment for colorectal cancer, aiming to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Types of surgery include polypectomy (removal of polyps), local excision, and more extensive procedures like colectomy or proctectomy, depending on the cancer’s stage and location. Surgery may be followed by other treatments to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated and to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells, particularly effective for rectal cancer. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells. Radiation is often combined with chemotherapy to enhance its effectiveness. Treatments are typically spread over several weeks, with side effects including skin irritation, fatigue, and digestive issues.

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or inhibit their growth. It is used for advanced colorectal cancer or in combination with surgery and radiation. Chemotherapy can be administered orally or intravenously, aiming to shrink tumors, relieve symptoms, and prevent metastasis. Common side effects include nausea, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infections, but these are managed with supportive care.

Prevention strategies focus on lifestyle modifications and regular screenings. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise, helps reduce risk. Limiting red and processed meat consumption, avoiding smoking, and moderating alcohol intake are also important. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies starting at age 50 or earlier for those at high risk, are crucial for early detection and prevention.