Breast Cancer

Surgery involves removing the cancerous tissue from the breast. There are different types of surgery, including lumpectomy, where only the tumor is removed, and mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast. The choice of surgery depends on the size, location, and stage of the tumor. Surgery is often the first line of treatment and can be followed by other therapies to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is often used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the breast, chest wall, or lymph nodes. The treatment is usually given over several weeks and can help reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Radiation therapy is painless, but it can cause side effects such as fatigue and skin changes.

Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It can be administered orally or intravenously and is often used for more advanced stages of breast cancer or when there is a high risk of recurrence. Chemotherapy can be given before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink the tumor or after surgery (adjuvant) to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Side effects can include nausea, hair loss, and fatigue.

Preventive measures focus on reducing the risk of developing breast cancer. This includes lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol intake, and avoiding smoking. Regular screenings and mammograms are crucial for early detection. For those with a high genetic risk, preventive medications or surgeries may be considered. Educating oneself about breast cancer and staying informed about the latest research and guidelines can also play a vital role in prevention.